What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

The two parts of the U.S. Congress are the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure is established by the U.S. Constitution and is fundamental to the legislative process in the United States. The Senate consists of 100 members, with two senators from each state, serving staggered six-year terms. The House of Representatives, on the other hand, is made up of 435 members, with the number from each state determined by its population, serving two-year terms.

This division into two chambers is designed to balance the interests of both smaller and larger states in the legislative process. The Senate tends to provide more stability, while the House is more responsive to the public's immediate concerns. The ability to propose and debate legislation in two separate chambers allows for a more thorough examination of laws and policies, ensuring a more democratic approach to governance.

The other options presented do not accurately represent the structure of U.S. Congress, as they either include non-legislative bodies or refer to structures from different governmental systems. For example, the Supreme Court is part of the judicial branch, not Congress, and the House of Commons belongs to the United Kingdom’s Parliament, making it unrelated to the U.S. Congress.